ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္မ်ား (Objectives)

၁။ မိမိကိုယ္တိုင္ေရာ တျခားသူပါ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာ ဗဟုသုတ တိုးပြားရန္အတြက္ အၿပန္အလွန္ ေဆြးေႏြးတိုင္ပင္ၾကရန္၊
1. To widen engineering knowledge of forum members by interactive discussion in the forum.

၂။ လုပ္ငန္းပုိင္ဆုိင္ရာ ႏွင္႔ သင္ၾကားေရး (သုိ႔မဟုတ္) သုေတသန ဆုိင္ရာ ၿပႆနာ မ်ား ႏွီးေႏွာေဆြးေႏြး အေၿဖရွာရန္။
2. To discuss and find the best or optimum solutions to industrial, learning and research-related engineering problems faced by the members.

၃။ အဖြဲ႔ ၀င္မ်ား၏ Engineering English တုိးတက္လာေစရန္
3. To strengthen the members' career by promoting the engineering English skills including technical writing, communication skills, presentation skills and illustration skills etc.

၄။ အဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားအတြင္း သက္ဆုိင္ရာ Specialization အလုိက္ နည္းပညာ ကြာဟမႈ နည္းပါးေစရန္။
4. To narrow the gap of engineering knowledge and technolgy among different members

၅။ သိသင့္သိထိုက္သည္႔နည္းပညာမ်ား ေလ့လာသိရိွႏိုင္ရန္ နည္းလမ္းညႊန္ျပေဆြးေႏြးႏိုင္ေစရန္
5. To point out what should be learnt and to guide the best possible ways to implement the learnning scheme in order that all on-going technologies can be reached by the members.

၆။ အဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားအတြင္း ႏွီးေႏွာဖလွယ္မႈ၊ ေမတၱာတရားတုိ႔ကုိ ေရွ႕တန္းတင္ျပီး အေကာင္းျမင္ေသာနည္းျဖင့္အင္ဂ်င္နီယာ ပန္းတုိင္မ်ားခ်မွတ္ အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ႏိုင္ရန္
6. To set engineering goals and implement them positively by taking the advantages of active participation, discussion and loving kindness among members

စည္းကမ္းမ်ား (Rules of Games)

၁။ Engineering Education and Practice၊ မိမိၾကဳံေတြ႔ေနရေသာ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ ၿပႆနာမ်ား ႏွင္႔ ပတ္သက္ေသာ ေမးခြန္းမ်ား ကုိ လုပ္ငန္းပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ (သုိ႔ ) သုေတသန ပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ ႏွင္႔ ဆက္စပ္ ေမးၿမန္းရမည္။
1. All questions or problems related to engineering research, practice, industry etc. should be posted with the sufficient related explanation.

၂။ ေမးခြန္းမ်ားကုိ အကုိးအကား၊ အေထာက္အထားမ်ားႏွင္႔တကြ ေၿဖဆုိ အၾကံၿပဳရမည္။
2. Answers to the above problems should be provided with enough references and evidences. This may not be an academic work. Industrial case study should be very fine.

၃။ ဤဖုိရမ္ ႏွင္႔ ပတ္သက္ေသာ Post မ်ားကုိ "Engineering Forum" ဟု Label တပ္၍ တင္ရမည္။
3. All posts must be categorized under "Engineering Forum".

၄။ အဂၤလိပ္စာတိုးတက္မႈကိုရည္ရြယ္ထားေသာေၾကာင့္ ပထမဦးစားေပး အဂၤလိပ္လိုေရးသားၾကရမည္။ (Engineering Forum အတြက္သာ)
4. English is supposed to be used in the forum since one of the main aim is to improve English language skills of the members.

၅။ ေဆြးေႏြးသည့္အခါ ပုဂၢိဳလ္ေရး ဦးတည္ခ်က္မထားဘဲ အေၾကာင္းအရာေပၚတြင္သာ ဦးတည္ေဆြးေႏြးရမည္။
5. No personal approach or attack is allowed in the forum. Discussion must be centered in the engineering issues.

၆။ Specialization အလုိက္ ေဆြးေႏြးမႈမ်ား ပုိမုိတြင္က်ယ္လာပါက ဖုိရမ္ခြဲမ်ား subforum ကုိ ဖြဲ႔စည္း ေဆြးေႏြးေစမည္။
6. It is suggested that subforums are established in case there are members of different specializations and their discussions are quite comparatively interactive.

၇။ အမ်ားသိရန္မလိုအပ္သည့္ အမွားအယြင္းအေသးအဖြဲမ်ားကို gtalk မွတဆင့္ ကူညီအသိေပးရမည္။
7. Small odds and ends should be directed to the users by their personal e-mails or chat etc.

စိတ္မီးအိမ္ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာ ဖုိရမ္ ဥယ်ာဥ္မွဴးမ်ား
Seitmeeain Engineering Forum Moderators

Wednesday, May 28, 2008

ဘာေၾကာင္႔ ပိုးမႊားစက္ရုပ္ ေတြ တီထြင္ဖုိ႔ လုိအပ္သလဲ။

ဤေေမးခြန္း၏ အေၿဖကုိ မစူးစမ္းမွီီ တုပဇီ၀ေဗဒ ဟု ေခၚသည္႔ Biomimetics ဆုိေသာ ဘာသာရပ္ အေၾကာင္း စတင္ေဆြးေႏြးရေပမည္။ Biomimetics ဆုိေသာ စကားလုံးသည္ Bio ဟူေသာ ေရွ႕ဆက္စကားလုံး ႏွင္႔ mimetic ဆုိေသာ ပင္မ စကာလုံး တုိ႔ကုိ ေပါင္းစပ္၍ တည္ေဆာက္ ထားၿခင္းၿဖစ္သည္။

Bio ဟူေသာ ေရွ႕ဆက္စကားလုံးသည္ သက္ရွိအရာမ်ား ကုိ ကုိယ္စားၿပဳသည္။
Mimetic သည္ တစုံတခုအားတုပသည္ ဟု အဓိပၸာယ္ေဆာင္ေသာ mimic ဆုိသည္႔ စကားလုံးမွ ဆင္းသက္လာၿခင္းၿဖစ္သည္။

ထုိ႔ေၾကာင္႔ Biomimetics ဆိုသည္မွာ သက္ရွိတုိ႔၏ ခႏၶာကုိယ္ ယႏၱရား တည္ေဆာက္ပုံ၊ ဖြဲ႔စည္းတည္ရွိပုံ၊ အလုပ္လုပ္ကိုင္ပုံ စသည္႔ ၿဖစ္စဥ္မ်ားကုိ တုပလုပ္ေဆာင္ႏုိင္ေသာ သက္မဲ႔ စက္ရုပ္မ်ားတီထြင္္အသုံးခ်ၿခင္း ဟု အဓိပၸာယ္ ဖြင္႔ဆုိႏုိင္ေပသည္။ ထုိ႔ၿပင္ ၎တုိ႔ႏွင္႔ ပတ္သက္သည္႔အေၾကာင္းအရာ မ်ားကုိ ေလ႔လာေသာ ဘာသာရပ္ ဟုလည္း အဓိပၸာယ္ ဖြင္႔ဆုိႏုိင္ေပသည္။

အတုိခ်ဴပ္အားၿဖင္႔ Biomimetics အား တုပဇီ၀ေဗဒ ဟု အဓိပၸာယ္ ဖြင္႔ဆုိ ႏုိင္ေပသည္။

Robotics စက္ရုပ္ေဗဒ အား Biomimetics တုပဇီ၀ေဗဒ ၏ ဘာသာခြဲ တစ္ခုအၿဖစ္ သတ္မွတ္ႏုိင္ေပသည္။ စက္ရုပ္ေဗဒ ဟု ေၿပာဆုိရာတြင္ လူသားတုိ႔ ကုိ တုပ၍ လူသားတုိ႔၏ လုပ္ငန္းေဆာင္တာမ်ားကုိ လုပ္ေဆာင္ေပးစြမ္းႏုိင္ေသာ စက္ရုပ္မ်ား တီထြင္အသုံးၿပဳၿခင္း ဟု အဓိပၸာယ္ ဖြင္႔ဆုိႏုိင္ေပသည္။

ထုိသုိ႔ တီထြင္သုံးစြဲရာတြင္ အၾကီးမားဆုံးေသာ စိန္ေခၚမႈမွာ လူတုိ႔၏ ေတြးေခၚမႈ ဥာဏ္ရည္ ကုိ စက္ရုပ္မ်ား၏ မွတ္ဥာဏ္တြင္ မည္ကဲ႔သုိ႔ ထည္႔သြင္းသုံးစြဲမည္နည္း ဟူေသာ ေမးခြန္းပင္ၿဖစ္သည္။
ဥပမာ-
ၿမန္ႏႈန္းၿမင္႔ ပေရာ္စက္စာ မ်ား အသုံးၿပဳ၍ ပုံမွန္ လမ္းေၾကာင္းအတုိင္း သြားေစရန္ ခုိင္းေစထားေသာ လမ္းေလွ်ာက္စက္ရုပ္သည္ သူ၏ လမ္းေၾကာင္းတြင္ အုတ္ခဲ ကဲ႔သုိ႔ေသာ အဟန္႔အတားမ်ားေတြ႔ရွိပါက မည္သုိ႔ တုန္႔ၿပန္ ေက်ာ္လႊားသြားမည္နည္း။ ထုိကဲ႔သုိ႔ေသာ အေၿခအေနမ်ိဴးကုိ စက္ရုပ္လူသားက ေက်ာ္လႊားသြားႏုိင္ေစရန္ မည္သုိ႔ေသာ အထူးအမိန္႔မ်ား ထည္႔သြင္း ေစခုိင္းမည္နည္း။ ဤေနရာတြင္ လမ္းေလွ်ာက္ေနေသာ လူသားတေယာက္၏ ဦးေႏွာက္သည္ လမ္းေလွ်ာက္ေနစဥ္ အဟန္႔အတားမ်ားေတြ႔ရွိပါက မည္သုိ႔ တုန္႔ၿပန္၍ ေၿခ၊လက္မ်ားကုိ မည္သုိ႔ ခုိင္းေစသည္ ကုိ ေရွးဦးစြာ ေလ႔လာရန္ လိုအပ္ေပမည္ ။ ေလ႔လာေတြ႔ရွိခ်က္မ်ားအေပၚ မူတည္၍ စက္ရုပ္မ်ားကုိ လိုအပ္သလုိ ပရုိဂရမ္မ်ား ၿဖည္႔စြက္ ထည္႔္သြင္း ခုိင္းေစရမည္ ၿဖစ္သည္။ သုိ႔ရာတြင္ ထုိသုိ႔ ေလ႔လာ၊ပရုိဂရမ္သြင္း၊အမိန္႔ေပးခုိင္းေစ ရမည္မွာ ခက္ခဲႏုိင္သကဲ႔သုိ႔ ေတြ႔ႏုိင္ေၿခရွိေသာ အဟန္႔အတား အေၿခအေနမ်ားသည္လည္း အမ်ိဴးမိ်ဴးကြဲၿပားႏုိင္ေပသည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင္႔ အခက္အခဲအမ်ိဴးမ်ိဴးကုိ ေက်ာ္လႊားႏုိင္ေသာ စက္ရုပ္မ်ားတီထြင္ရာတြင္္ ကုန္က်စရိတ္ အဆမတန္ ၿမင္႔မားႏုိင္သကဲ႔သုိ႔ အခ်ိန္ၾကာၿမင္႔ကာ လိုအပ္သေလာက္ ထိေရာက္ႏုိင္မည္ မဟုတ္သည္မွာ ထင္ရွားလွေပသည္။
ထုိအခက္အခဲ၊ စိန္ေခၚမႈမ်ားကုိ ေက်ာ္လႊားႏုိင္ရန္ သိပၸံပညာရွင္မ်ား စုေပါင္း စဥ္းစား အေၿဖရွာေနသည္မွာ ၾကာၿမင္႔ၿပီၿဖစ္သည္။ ေနာက္ဆုံးရရွိသည္႔ အသင္႔ေတာ္ဆုံးေသာ အေၿဖမွာ Insect Robot ဟုေခၚေသာ ပုိးမႊားစက္ရုပ္မ်ားတီထြင္အသုံးခ်ရန္ပင္ ၿဖစ္သည္။ ပုိးမႊားစက္ရုပ္မ်ားကုိ ေရြးခ်က္ ရန္ ဆုံးၿဖတ္ရေသာ အဓိက အေၾကာင္းအရင္းမ်ားမွာ
၁။ ပုိမႊား အင္းဆက္မ်ားသည္ လူကဲ႔သုိ႔ ၿမင္႔မားေသာ ဦးေႏွာက္၊ဥာဏ္ရည္မရွိေသာ္လည္း လူ႔ထက္သာလြန္ေသာ ပ်ံသန္းၿခင္း၊ ေနရာ မ်ားကုိ တိက်စြာ မွတ္သားႏုိင္ၿခင္း စသည္႔ ၀ိေသသမ်ား ရွိေနၿခင္း၊
၂။ အဟန္႔အတားမ်ား၊ အခက္အခဲမ်ား ႏွင္႔ ေတြ႔ၾကဳံေသာအခါ လုိအပ္သလုိ ယိမ္းႏြဲ႔ လုပ္ရွားႏုိင္ေသာ ခႏၶာကုိယ္ ဖြဲ႔စည္းတည္ေဆာက္ပုံ ရွိၿခင္း
တုိ႔ပင္ ၿဖစ္ေပသည္။
ထုိေၾကာင္႔ လုိအပ္ေသာ အသုံးၿပဳမႈ မ်ားအတြက္ ပုိမို နိမ္႔ေသာ မွတ္ဥာဏ္တု ႏွင္႔ ပုိမုိ ယိမ္းႏြဲ႔၍ အေၿခအေန၏ေတာင္းဆုိခ်က္အရ လုိအပ္သလုိ ၿပဳၿပင္ဖြဲ႔စည္းႏုိင္ေသာ ခႏၶာကုိယ္ ရွိေသာ စက္ရုပ္မ်ားကုိ တည္ေဆာက္လုိပါက ပုိးမႊားမ်ားကုိ တုပရမည္ၿဖစ္ေပသည္။
အထက္ပါ ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ႔ေသာ အခ်က္မ်ားကုိ အေၿခခံၿပီး ပုိးမႊားစက္ရုပ္မ်ားကုိ စူးစမ္းေလ႔လာ၊အေၿဖရွာ၊သုေတသန ၿပဳ၍ ကမၻာတြင္ စတင္တည္ေဆာက္ အသုံးၿပဳေနၿပီၿဖစ္သည္။ ထုိ႔ေၾကာင္႔ တုပပုိးမႊားေေဗဒသည္ ယေန႔အခ်ိန္တြင္ အလြန္တက္ၾကြေသာ သုေတသန နယ္ပယ္ တစ္ခုအၿဖစ္ ရပ္တည္လ်က္ရွိေပသည္။
သုိ႔ၿဖစ္ပါ၍ ၿမန္မာၿပည္သူ၊ၿပည္သားမ်ား ဗဟုသုတ အလုိ႔ငွာ အေတြးနယ္ခ်ဲ႕ႏုိင္ေစရန္ တုပပုိမႊားေဗဒ ၏ အေၿခခံ သေဘာတရားမ်ားကုိိ မိတ္ဆက္ ေဆြးေႏြးလုိက္ရၿခင္းၿဖစ္ေပသည္္။

စာကုိး
၁။ The Buzz about Insect Robots, Web Source: http://www.science.org.au/nova/084/084print.htm

Tuesday, January 1, 2008

"Mechanics" အား အဓိပၸယ္ဖြင္႔ဆိုုျခင္း

သူငယ္ခ်င္းတို႔ .............
ေကာင္တမန္ ေျပာျပတဲ႔ mechanics ေၾကာင္းကအရမ္းစိတ္၀င္စားဖို႔ေကာင္းပါတယ္။
mechanics ကို စဥ္းစားလိုက္ေတာ႔ သုူ႔ရဲ႕ မိသားစု၀င္ စကားလုံး (word family) ေတြ ကို သြားသတိရပါတယ္။ mechanics ဆိုတာ machine နဲ႕ mechanism တိုနဲ႕ တစ္မိသားစုထဲကပါ။ ေနာက္ ျပီး machine ဆိုတာ engine နဲ႕ ညီအစ္ကို ပါ။ အဲဒီေတာ႕ mechanics ဆိုတာ ကို သိခ်င္ရင္..
ပထမဦး စြာ.. machine နဲ႕ engine ကို အရင္ နားလည္ ထားရပါမယ္။ ေအာက္မွာ machine, mechanism နဲ႕ engine တို႕ ရဲ႕ အဓိပါၸယ္ ကို ေဖာ္ျပေပးထားပါတယ္။
ma·chine· (mə s̸hēn′) noun
a structure consisting of a framework and various fixed and moving parts, for doing some kind of work; mechanism a sewing machine
a. any device thought of as functioning in such a way, as as electronic computer or a device for automatically answering telephone calls
mecha·nism· (mek′ə niz′əm) noun
1. the working parts or arrangement of parts of a machine; works the mechanism of a clock
2.
a. a system whose parts work together like those of a machine the mechanism of the universe
b. any system or means for doing something; esp., a physical or mental process or processes, whether conscious or unconscious, by which some result is produced; machinery

en·gine (en′jən) noun
any machine that uses energy to develop mechanical power;
esp., a machine for transmitting motion to some other machine

အထက္ပါ အဓိပၸါယ္ ေတြ ကို ၾကည္႕လိုက္ ေတာ႕ အာလုံးဟာ စက္ နဲ႔ စက္ပစၥည္းေတြ လို႔ပဲ အၾကမ္းပ်င္း အဓိပၸါယ္ရပါ တယ္။ ဒါေပမယ္႔ ေသခ်ာ သုံးသပ္ၾကည္႕လိုက္ေတာ………
machine ဆိုတာ ယႏၱယား ၊ mechanism ဆိုတာ ယႏၱယားအစိတ္အပိုင္း ၊ engine ဆိုတာ စက္ လို႕ အဓိပၸါယ္ရမယ္လို႕ ယူဆမိပါတယ္။ ဒီေနရာ မွာ ယႏၱယား ဆိုတာ ပါဠိဘာသာစကားျဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။ “စက္” ဆိုတဲ႔ စကားလုံး ဘယ္ကစလဲ ဆိုတာေတာ႔ မသိေသးပါဘူး..။
machine ရဲ႕ အဓိပၸါယ္ ကို ပါဠိ အဘိဓာန္ေတြမွာ ေအာက္ပါ အတိုင္း အဓိပၸါယ္ဖြင္႔ဆိုပါတယ္။

Definitions of “machine” in Pali Language
machine = yanta - (nt.)
machine = yanyam sampādeti - (v.t.)
machine = yantakammaṃ karoti - (v.t.)
machinery = yantasamūha - (m.)

ေနာက္ျပီး… ယႏၱ ရဲ႕ အဓိပၸါယ္ကို ပါဠိ-အဂၤလိပ္ အဘိဓာန္မွာ အခုလို ဖြင္႔ဆိုပါတယ္။
Definitions of “yanta” in English
yanta = machine - (nt.)
yantakammaṃ karoti = machine - (v.t.)
yantasamūha = machinery - (m.)
yantasippī = machinist - (m.)
yantasippī = mechanic - (m.)
yantavisayaka = mechanical - (adj.)
yantasippānugata = mechanical - (adj.)
yantasippānusārena = mechanically - (adv.)
yantasippa = mechanics - (nt.)
yantaracanā = mechanism - (f.)
yantasippī = mechanist - (m.)
yantasamūha = plant - (pp.)
yantamaya-purisa = robot - (m.)
yantasadisapuggala = robot - (m.)

အထက္ပါ အဓိပၸါယ္ေတြ ထဲမွာ ယႏၱသိပၸ ကို mechanics လို႕ အဓိပၸါယ္ဖြင္႔ဆိုပါတယ္။
yantasippa = mechanics - (nt.) ဒီေနရာ မွာ သိပၸ ရဲ႕ အဓိပၸါယ္ ကိုသိဖို႔ လိုလာပါတယ္။
ေအာက္ပါ ေဖာ္ျပခ်က္ေတြကေတာ႔ သိပၸရဲ႕ အဂၤလိပ္ ဘာသာ အဓိပၸါယ္ဖြင္႔ဆိုခ်က္ေတြပါ။
Definitions of “sippa” in English
sippantevāsi = apprentice - (m.)
sippa = art - (nt.)
sippakosalla = artifice - (nt.)
sippānugata = artistic - (adj.)
sippa = craft - (nt.)
sippanimmita = factitious - (adj.)
sippa = handicraft - (nt.)
sippa = industry - (nt.)
sippa = learning - (nt.)
sippāyatana = studio - (nt.)
sippanissita = technical - (adj.)
sippāyattavasena = technically - (adv.)
sippakalā = technics - (f.)
sippavijjā = technology - (f.)
sippasālā = workshop - (f.)

ဒီေနရာမွာ သိပၸရဲ႕ အဓိပၸါယ္ေတြထဲက learning ေလ႕လာျခင္း ဆိုတဲ႕ အဓိပၸါယ္ကိုယူပါမယ္။
sippa = learning - (nt.)

ဒါဆိုရင္ နိဂုံးခ်ဳပ္လို႔ရပါျပီ….
ေကာင္းတမန္ ေဖာ္ျပေပးတဲ႔ အဓိပၸါယ္ ေတြထဲ က ဒုတိယတစ္ခုျဖစ္တဲ႔
me·chan·ics []mə kánniks
2. making and running of machines: the application of the science of mechanics to the design, making, and operating of machines ( takes a singular or plural verb )
ဆိုတာကို ျမန္မာဘာသာစကားနဲ႕ အေအာက္ပါအတိုင္း ျပန္ဆိုနိုင္လိမ္မယ္လို႕ ယူဆမိပါတယ္။

me·chan·ics []mə kánniks
ယႏၱသိပၸ
Mechanics (ယႏၱသိပၸ) ဆိုတာ ယႏၱယား ႏွင္႔ ယႏၱယားအစိတ္အပိုင္းတို႕၏ တည္ေဆာက္ပံု၊ အလုပ္လုပ္ပုံ ႏွင္႔ အသံုးျပဳပုံတို႕ ကို ေလ႔လာျခင္း… ဟုယူဆမိပါသည္။

ေကာင္းတမန္ ေဖာ္ျပေပးတဲ႔ အဓိပၸါယ္ ေတြထဲ က ပထမ တစ္ခုျဖစ္တဲ႔
Definition:
1. study of energy and forces: the branch of physics and mathematics that deals with the effect of energy and forces on systems ( takes a singular verb )
ဆိုတာကေတာ႔ Mechanics (ယႏၱသိပၸ)ရဲ႕ အႏူစိတ္ အပိုင္းျဖစ္တဲ႕ ယႏၱယား ႏွင္႔ ယႏၱယားအစိတ္အပိုင္းတို႕အျပန္အလွန္သက္ေရာက္ေသာ စြမ္းအင္ ႏွင္႔ အား တို႕ကို
သခ်ၤာနည္းအားျဇင္႔ တြက္ခ်က္ေလ႕လာျခင္း
.. ဟုယူဆမိပါသည္။ …… ။

ခိုင္ျမဲ
မွတ္ခ်က္။ ။ လိုအပ္ခ်က္မ်ား က်န္ရွိေနပါက ျဖည္႔စြက္ေပးရန္ေမွ်ာ္လင္႔ပါသည္၊

Sunday, December 23, 2007

engineering words in Burmese language

အင္၊ယာ ဖုိရမ္ မွာ တစ္ခုခု ကုိ ေတာ႔ ေဆြးေႏြးၿဖစ္ေအာင္ ေဆြးေႏြးမယ္ ဆုိၿပီး မေဆြးေႏြးၿဖစ္ၾကဘူး။ ဒါေပမယ္႔ စဥ္းစားၾကည္႔ရင္း တုိတုိထြာထြာ နဲ႔ ထိေရာက္တာေလးေတြ ေဆြးေႏြးခ်င္စိတ္ ေပါက္လာလုိ႔ ဒီပုိ႔စ္ ကစၿပီး ေဆြးေႏြးၾကမယ္ဗ်ာ။

အဂၤလိပ္လုိ အဓိက ထားေဆြးေႏြးဖုိ႔ သေဘာတူ ထားေပမယ္႔ အင္၊ယာ ဘာသာရပ္ အတြက္ ၿမန္မာလုိ

ေ၀ါဟာရ ေတြ လုိအပ္မႈ၊ အင္၊ယာ စာေပ ကုိ ၿမန္မာဘာသာ နဲ႔ မရွိေသးတာတုိ႔ေၾကာင္႔ အင္၊ယာ

ေ၀ါဟာရ တခ်ိဳ႕ကုိ ၿမန္မာလုိ ဘယ္လုိ ၿပန္ဆုိ သင္႔လည္း ဆုိ တာကုိ ေဆြးေႏြးခ်င္လုိ႔ ၿမန္မာလုိ ေဆြးေႏြးလုိက္တာပါ။

ေ၀ါဟာရ ေတြ ကုိ ၿမန္မာ ဘာသာ ၿပန္ဆုိ ဖုိ႔ဆုိတာ လြယ္တာမွ မဟုတ္ပါ။ သုိ႔ေသာ္ အားလုံး၀ုိင္း၀န္း စဥ္းစားထားသင္႔တဲ႔အခ်က္မုိ႔ ေဆြးေႏြးခြင္႔ၿပဳပါ။

ဒီပုိ႔စ္ မွာ mechanics ဆုိတဲ႔ စက္မႈ အင္၊ယာ ဘာသာရပ္အတြက္ အဓိက က်တဲ႔ ေ၀ါဟာရ ကုိ ၿမန္မာလုိ မည္သုိ႔ ၿပန္ဆုိ ၾကမလဲ ေဆြးေႏြးလုိပါတယ္။ ေအာက္မွာ မုိက္ခရုိေဆာ႔ဖ္ စြယ္စုံက်မ္းက ဖြင္႔ဆုိတဲ႔ အဂၤလိပ္လုိ မူရင္း တင္ေပးလုိက္ပါတယ္။ wikipedia က အဓိပၸာယ္ဖြင္႔ဆုိတာကုိ လည္း တင္ေပးလုိက္ပါတယ္။

မုိက္ခရုိေဆာ႔ဖ္ စြယ္စုံက်မ္း

me·chan·ics [ mə kánniks ]

noun

Definition:

1. study of energy and forces: the branch of physics and mathematics that deals with the effect of energy and forces on systems ( takes a singular verb )

2. making and running of machines: the application of the science of mechanics to the design, making, and operating of machines ( takes a singular or plural verb )

 

၀ိကုိပက္ဒီယာ

Mechanics (Greek Μηχανική) is the branch of physics concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effect of the bodies on their environment.

The discipline has its roots in several ancient civilizations: ancient Greece, where Aristotle studied the way bodies behaved when they were thrown through the air (e.g. a stone); ancient China, with figures such as Zhang Heng, Shen Kuo, and Su Song; and ancient India, with thinkers such as Kanada, Aryabhata, and Brahmagupta. During the Middle Ages, significant contributions to mechanics were made by Muslim scientists, such as Muhammad ibn Musa, Alhacen, Avicenna, Avempace, al-Baghdadi, and al-Khazini. During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo, Kepler, and especially Newton, laid the foundation for what is now known as Newtonian mechanics.

 

 

Mechanics ဆုိတဲ႔ စကားလုံး ကုိ ဘယ္လုိ ၿမန္မာ လုိ ၿပန္ဆုိသင္႔တယ္ ဆုိတာနဲ႔ သူရဲ႕ အဓိပၸာယ္ ဖြင္႔ဆုိခ်က္ ကုိ ၀င္ေရာက္ေဆြးေႏြးဖုိ႔ အားလုံးကုိ ဖိတ္ေခၚပါတယ္။

Wednesday, November 7, 2007

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEMS

Nowadays, most of the machines use electronic controlled engines which are more powerful and consume less fuel rather than normal conventional engines. Also, these electronic engines meet environmental requirements of exhaust emission.

These engines have an ECU, Electronic Control Unit, which will collect all the information from engine operation systems, the same as with conventional engines. It is like a human brain which controls the body. It acts as the brain of the engine and it controls the engine operating systems. As the human brain receives information from eyes, ears and hands etc, the ECU incorporates sensors to know engine operation condition such as ambient air temperature, charge air temperature, coolant temperature, oil temperature and engine rpm etc. Operating software, like a reasonable thinking in the human brain, is installed in the ECU to control engine operations according to the information from the sensors. So, without the ECU the engine will not operate, and without sensors the ECU cannot control the engines
.



Electronic Control Unit and Sensors of Volvo D12C (EC 460B)

The ECU needs many sensors to know engine condition and it uses “Temperature Sensors” to know coolant temperature, charge air temperature and oil temperature, and “Pressure Sensors” to know charge air pressures, fuel pressures and oil pressures. Now the ECU knows temperatures and pressures of engine operating systems, but not yet the engine rpm nor piston position in the cylinder to inject fuel into the cylinder at the correct firing order. Piston position depends on the rotation of crankshaft, and firing order depends on the rotation of camshaft. In which case a sensor is installed over the camshaft timing gear to know which cylinder is at TDC with compression stroke to inject fuel into the cylinder. This sensor is called “Camshaft Position Sensor”, and it tells the ECU which cylinder is at TDC with compression stroke to inject fuel. In this way it detects which cylinder is ready to fire at TDC. And then a sensor is installed over the crankshaft or over the flywheel on some engines to count engine rpm and to know accurate piston position, and this sensor is called “Crankshaft Speed Sensor”. Both of these sensors are also called “Speed Sensors” because they also count engine rpm. In the Electronic Engine Control System, fuel system is electronically controlled so that each cylinder can be separately controlled. For this reason, Electronic Unit Injection Pumps or Electronic Unit Injectors are used for each cylinder. The pumps are mechanically actuated by the camshaft and electronically controlled by the ECU.


Electronic Controlled Unit Pump

Volvo D6D Engines and D7D Engines use Electronic Unit Injection Pumps. Electronic Unit Injection Pumps have solenoid-operated valves and pumping action and high pressure are due to the upward movement of the plunger in the unit pump body. The plunger is pushed upward by the cam lobe on the camshaft. High pressure fuel is injected into the cylinder from the nozzle. The ECU controls the fuel injection by energizing or de-energizing the solenoid valve to start or stop the injection into the cylinders.


Electronic Controlled Unit Injector

Volvo D12C Engine of EC460B Excavator uses Electronic Unit Injectors. Unit Injector is a combination of a pump and a nozzle. Unit Injectors are placed directly above the cylinders and this system needs overhead camshaft. Unit injectors have solenoid-operated valves and pumping action and high pressure are due to the downward movement of the plunger in the injector body. The plunger is pushed downward by the cam lobe on the camshaft. So the fuel injection is controlled by energizing or de-energizing the solenoid valve in the pump to start or stop injection into the cylinder.

In this way, the electronic control system operates the engine by controlling the Electronic Unit Injectors to deliver fuel according to a given set of engine conditions, in precise amounts, and at a precise time in relation to piston position. In order to achieve this, the control system performs the following functions:

• Constantly monitor engine operating conditions
• Precisely determines piston position
• Deliver optimum amount of fuel for a given set of operating conditions
• Deliver fuel at optimum piston position
• Provide multiple control modes
• Perform self-diagnosis

In coming up issues: “How the ECU performs during Engine Starting Mode and Engine Running Mode” will be presented.

Thursday, November 1, 2007

Somebody help us. Properties of caltex T-32 torque oil needed!

Hi !

Everybody in the forum,

One of my friend is finding the chemical and thermal properties of CALTEX T-32 torque oil. It is used in the locomotive torque converter. Maybe the torque oil is pretty old. But according to her, some locomotive industries in Myanmar are still using that type of fluid.

She needs it for her research. Hope somebody help us.